Common Acids and Their Conjugate Bases go back to Frequently Used Tables in CEE 350 Acid Form Conjugate Base Base Name Perchloric acid HClO4 ClO4- Perchlorate ion Sulfuric acid H2SO4 HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) Hydroiodic HI I- Iodide ion Hydrobromic HBr Br- Bromide ion Hydrochloric HCl Cl- Chloride ion Nitric HNO3 NO3- Nitrate ion Hydronium ion H3O+ H2O Water Trichloroacetic acid Cl3CCOOH Cl3CCOO- Trichloroacetate ion Hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4- SO42- Sulfate ion Phosphoric Acid H3PO4 H2PO4- Dihydrogen phosphate ion Nitrous Acid HNO2 NO2- Nitrite Hydrofluoric Acid HF F- Fluoride ion Formic Acid HCOOH HCOO- Formate ion Acetic Acid CH3COOH CH3COO- Acetate ion Carbonic Acid H2CO3 HCO3- Hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate) Hydrosulfuric acid H2S HS- Hydrogen sulfide ion Ammonium ion NH4+ NH3 Ammonia Hydrogen cyanide HCN CN- Cyanide ion Hydrogen sulfide HS- S2- Sulfide Water H2O OH- Hydroxide Ammonia NH3 NH2- Amide Hydrogen H2 H- Hydride Methane CH4 CH3- Methide Acid Form Conjugate Base Base Name go back to Frequently Used Tables in CEE 350 Ionic compounds consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). The nomenclature, or naming, of ionic compounds is based on the names of the component ions. Here are the principal naming conventions for ionic compounds, along with examples to show how they are used: a) [blah blah]-ide The -ide ending is added to the name of a monoatomic ion of an element. For example; H- is then Hydride F- is then Fluoride O2- is then Oxide S2- is then Sulfide N3- is then Nitride P3- is then Phosphide b) [blah blah]-ite and [blah blah]-ate Some polyatomic anions (-) contain oxygen. These anions are called oxyanions. When an element forms two oxyanions, the one with less oxygen is given a name ending in -ite and the one with more oxgyen is given a name that ends in -ate. For example; NO2- is then Nitrite NO3- is then Nitrate SO32- is then Sulfite SO42- is then Sulfate c) [blah blah]-ous and [blah blah]-ic The endings -ous or -ic are added to the Latin name of the element (e.g., stannous/stannic for tin) to represent the ions with lesser or greater charge, respectively. For example; Fe2+ is then Ferrous Fe3+ is then Ferric Cu+ is then Cuprous Cu2+ is then Cupric d) hypo-[blah blah] and per-[blah blah] In the case where there is a series of four oxyanions, the hypo- and per- prefixes are used in conjunction with the -ite and -ate suffixes. The hypo- and per- prefixes indicate less oxygen and more oxygen, respectively. For example; ClO- is then Hypochlorite ClO2- is then Chlorite ClO3- is then Chlorate ClO4- is then Perchlorate e) bi-[blah blah] and di-hydrogen [blah blah] Polyatomic anions sometimes gain one or more H+ ions to form anions of a lower charge. These ions are named by adding the word hydrogen or dihydrogen in front of the name of the anion. It is still common to see and use the older naming convention in which the prefix bi- is used to indicate the addition of a single hydrogen ion. For example; HCO3- is then Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate HSO4- is then Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate H2PO4- is then Dihydrogen phosphate go back to Frequently Used Tables in CEE 350