| Solute |
Chemical Symbol |
Note |
| calcium |
Ca2+ |
hardness |
| magnesium |
Mg2+ |
hardness |
| sodium |
Na+ |
|
| potassium |
K+ |
|
| sulfate |
SO42- |
|
| nitrate |
NO3- |
eutrophication of
natural waters |
| chloride |
Cl- |
|
| ammonium |
NH4+ |
at pH below 9 |
| silica |
H4SiO4 |
no charge except at high pH |
| bicarbonate, carbonate |
HCO3-, CO32- |
alkalinity, carbonate buffer |
| organic matter |
no symbol |
complex and various atomic structures |
| phosphorous |
PO43-,
HPO42-,
H2PO4-,
H3PO4
|
eutrophication of
natural waters |
|
