Brevis esse laboro, Obscurus fio -- I strive to be brief, and I become obscure.     CEE UCL HelpDesk Homepage

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Frank Batten College of Engineering and Technology
Old Dominion University
Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0241, USA
Tel) (757) 683-3753
Fax) (757) 683-5354


	
Return to CEE UCL HelpDesk Homepage
CEE UCL HelpDesk Access Counter
 
Displaying Text from File(s) to the Screen


  
"To my daughter Leonora:
Without whose never failing sympathy and encouragement,
this book would have been completed in half the time"
- P.G. Wodehouse

Of course, to be of use, files must be accessed and looked into. You can always open a text editor and read the content of a text file, but most times, you just want to take a quick look the file. To read/print the contents of a file on your screen, you can use either the "cat" (=catenate) or the "more" command or the "less" command or the "page" command. For example:

$ cat foo.txt
$ more foo.txt
$ less foo.txt
$ page foo.txt

will display the contents of a file "foo.txt" on your screen.

Catenate means "to connect in a series." The "cat" command displays the contents of a file. If more than one file is placed in the command line, i.e., "cat jimmy shook," -- FYI, "jimmy" and "shook" refer to male and female Chesapeake blue crabs -- the files are displayed in succession. (of course, file "jimmy" first, then file "shook") It is here that "cat" command derives its name.

$ cat jimmy shook

Either command works, but "more" or "less" or "page" is the intelligent version.

With "more" or "less" or "page," the system stops at the end of a screenful and wait for you to hit a key to continue. If you use "cat, " everything flies by without stopping. (of course you can use to pause the screen and to resume, but this can be annoying)

Using "more" or "less" or "page, " there are several keys that make more continue in different ways. key makes more only print out one additional line and then pause again. gives you a full screenful.

When using "more/less/page" and "cat" you must be careful. Any file that is not a text file should not be viewed through "more/less/page" or "cat." (such as binary file)

If you're not so sure what kind of file you're dealing with, you can use "file" command first to determine file type before displaying the file.


Return to CEE UCL HelpDesk Homepage Move to the Top of this page